New Approach in Teaching and Learning

A Comparison of Hardiness, Loneliness, and Social Competence among High School Students

10.22034/jnael.2025.251061
Volume 1, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
Summer 2025
New Approach in Teaching and Learning

Document Type : Original Article (Quantified)

Authors

Zobeydeh Asghartabar Ledary 1
Ghasem Yaghoubi Hassan-Kola 2

1 Department of Educational Psychology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran.

2 Department of Psychology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran.

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare hardiness, loneliness, and social competence among male and female adolescents in the second secondary school of Babol city. This study was applied in terms of its purpose and was causal-comparative in terms of its data collection method. The statistical population included all male and female students in the second secondary school of Babol city, approximately 2400 people. The research sample consisted of 50 male and female students who were selected using a staged cluster sampling method. Then, using a convenience sampling method, they were divided into two control and experimental groups, each consisting of 25 people (25 boys and 25 girls). To measure the research variables, the Kubasa et al. (1979) Hardiness Questionnaire, Russell, Pilva, and Cortona's Loneliness Questionnaire (1980) and Felner's Social Adequacy Questionnaire (1990) were used. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test to examine the equality of variances and compare independent means. The results showed that stubbornness and loneliness were significantly higher among female adolescents than male adolescents in the second secondary school of Babol city, while social competence was reported to be higher among male adolescents than female adolescents.

Keywords

Hardiness
Loneliness
Social Adequacy
Teenagers
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  • Receive Date 28 April 2025
  • Revise Date 12 June 2025
  • Accept Date 17 August 2025

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